Haymarket Riot Free Essays

As result of the Industrial Revolution, people in America earned more money, most of which they used to open new businesses and factories. There were now many different types of machines to do the work that people had to do themselves in the past. Thus, machines rapidly replaced people. We will write a custom essay sample on Haymarket Riot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now with less people working and getting paid, there were people that could afford what these factories were making. Most of the people working in the United States at this time were immigrants, so they were forced to work for very low wages. A working adult would be considered lucky to bring home a daily income of only $2. 00. Kids on the other hand, only made about 70 cents a day for spending their entire childhood sorting through coal or performing other strenuous jobs. Most people worked between ten and fourteen hours each day with peanuts for income. As result, Chicago Illinois, as well as many other cities in the United States, fell into poverty. However, not all employees at this time were cruel and blackhearted. Most at the time though just wanted to get the most out of their employees for the least amount of pay. Soon the Labor Union movement started. People in this union wanted to ban child labor, increase pay, and to create shorter workdays. Conflict after conflict broke out spawning from the Labor Union; many of which the police were brought in to settle. By 1886, the major concern of the Labor Union was to establish an eight-hour workday. By now there were several unions, all of which could not agree with one another on how to fight for this rightfully deserved demand. Finally, the Knights of Labor, who originated in Chicago, organized a nation wide strike. However, the newspapers, business leaders, and politicians didn t agree with these actions. They said, the new eight-hour workday would promote loafing, gambling, rioting, debauchery and drunkenness (Simon). Knowing that they would be fired, workers still stood up for what they believed in and followed through with the strike. On May1, 1886, the strike stared. More than 300,000 workers went on strike in nine different cities across the vast nation. One of these cities was Boston. However, only a few employers nation wide granted their employees the shorter workday. As result, the next two months were filled with the police, the strikers, and the scabs. Scabs were people who refused to go on strike with the rest of their coworkers. They acquired this name from the angry strikers. On May 3, 1886, more than 500 strikers met up with some scabs as they were leaving a plant in Chicago. The agitated mob blasted the scabs with sticks, rocks, and just about anything they could possible get their hands on. This continued until police arrived and eventually broke up the fight. August Spies then proceeded to organize a protest meeting in Haymarket Square. The strikers were told to be armed in case the police resorted to violence on them. The following day when Spies came to the meeting he spoke in front of about 1,200 people. Albert Parsons, along with Spies and other speakers, spoke of the McCormick riot, and the rights and the responsibilities of the American worker. Then as it began to rain, people slowly began to leave and head home. One of the many to leave was the mayor of the city, Charter H. Harrison. On the way home he stopped off at the police station to tell the officers on stand-by that they could go home because the protest was peaceful. About ten minutes later, two undercover agents came to the police station and said that there were some offensive things being said at the protest, and that the officers should go break it up. When the police arrived at Haymarket Square, some words as well as actions were shared between the strikers and the police. Before long, a bomb was anonymously thrown into the crowd of police. This was the first time a bomb like this was used in the United States. Quickly responding to the bomb, the police officers began to fire into the crowd of strikers and all hell broke loose. As result of the bomb, one police officer was killed instantly, and six others died within the next two weeks because of serious wounds. The following day the newspapers were loaded with headlines which accused Spies, Parsons, and Fielden of releasing this deadly bomb into the crowd. Some newspapers even said that the Haymarket riot, anarchists, and socialists were the reason for other disturbances around the country. They said that punishments should be dealt to Spies, Parsons and Fielden, because people of the United States were accusing them of murder. However, one newspaper reported that if the police hadn t raided the protest, there wouldn t have been a bomb thrown, because there wouldn t have been anything to spark the argument. Another newspaper, the Labor Enquirer, wrote in one of it s articles, twice as many honest men were murdered in coal mines as have been killed in Chicago, and there isn t any noise at all about it (americanhistory. com). Still other papers wrote that is working and living conditions were better, then none of this probably would have happened. Captain Michael J. Shaak was so outraged by the Haymarket riot that he arrested hundreds of people who attended the protest that day, or even the people who were suspected of being there. While making all these arrests, the captain discovered secret societies and bombs, on top of many other conspiracies. Without warrants, he continued his investigation by breaking into houses. Then he proceeded to beat and bribe people into saying that they were witnesses to what went on in the Haymarket Square. However, out of all these hundreds of people who were arrested, only eight people were brought to an actual trial. These eight people were August Spies, Albert Parsons, Samuel Fielden, Adolph Fisher, Michael Schwabb, Louis Lingg, Oscar Neebee, and George Engel. Horribly enough, only three out of these eight men were actually at Haymarket square when the riot broke out. On June 21, 1886, the trial for these eight men began. The defendants were said to be the underdogs because the jury was hand-picked by Judge Joseph E. Gary, who desperately wanted these men to be convicted of murder. Many people considered the defendants guilty, and these people wanted the men to face the same punishment as the people who lost their lives in the riot. In other words, they were wanted dead. Before the trial started, Judge Joseph E. Gary was quoted saying, those fellows are going to be hanged as certain as death (Encarta 99). The main attack by the defense during the trial was that the jury was prejudice. However, the judge simply overruled all these attempts made by the defense, and the unfair trial proceeded. During the trial, the state s attorney was allowed to ask whatever he wanted to. Also, the defense was not allowed to cross-examine the witnesses, who were mostly police men or false witnesses, in order to convict the men of the crime. As the trial proceeded, the police repedily showed bombs and referred to the men as anarchists. Even though there was no evidence to prove that the defendants knew anything about the bomb or who threw it, they were eventually convicted of murder. On the morning of August 20, the jury entered the courtroom with their verdict. Seven out of the eight men on trial were sentenced to death. Oscar Neebee was the only one who was sentenced to jail time. He received a whopping fifteen years in jail for a crime he did not even commit. However, he was the only one out of the eight men who was allowed to live. Some newspapers reported that these men were on trial only because of their political views. However, most people did not care to agree with these statements and controversy continues to brew. When the verdict was announced that dreadful morning, people outside the courtroom lit up with excitement and joy. Some were so happy that they were willing to award the jury with a cash bonus just for convicting the defendants. The only people that were sad over the verdict were the families of the defense, the lawyers, and of course the defendants themselves. The press then went on to say that the only bad thing about the whole trial was that the defendants were not able to appeal seeing as how they were sentenced to death. Appeal to the verdict was exactly what the defendants lawyers did. On March 13, 1887, six judges from the Illinois Supreme Court met in Ottawa to listen to the appeal. When the judges were done reviewing the case they admitted that it was a very unfair trial. However, they failed to do anything about it. The defense attorney, Mr. Black, then tried for an appeal at U. S. court headquarters, but they refused to even look at the case. Finally the defense went to their last resort, the governor of Illinois, to ask for a pardon. It was great timing by the defense because the public was beginning to feel sorry for the seven doomed men. Some people wrote to the governor stating that the only thing these men were guilty of was their opinion. Finally the governor decided to hold a hearing for these men. That day was filled with a lot of appeals and arguments. On November 11, 1887, the governor announced that there would be no pardon. However, now only four out of the eight men would be executed. It would have been five but Louis Lingg was found earlier that morning with half his head blown off. It was ruled a suicide. Michael Shwab and Samuel Fielden got their death sentences lessened to life in prison. So now Parsons, Spies, Fisher, and Engel would be put to death. Amazingly they accepted this sentence without any outrage or resistance. That same day, the four remaining men walked to their deathsite. As they were being prepared to be hanged, Spies bellowed out his last words which were, There will come a time when our silence will be more powerful than the voices you strangle today! Immediately after Parsons let out his final words, Will I be allowed to speak for men of America? Let the voice of the people be heard! But before they could all finish they were hanged. Their funeral was held at Waldheim Cemetery, and was attended by more than fifteen thousand people. Eventually what these courageous men fought for was granted. The eight men hour workday was established, and these eight men became known as heroes. After these men were killed, the governor of Illinois, John P. Altged, reviewed the case and issued a pardon for all eight men that were tried. He discovered that the jurors were unfair, what the judge did was illegal, and ultimately that all eight men were innocent. As result, the three men in jail, Feilden, Schwab, and Neebee, were all released from jail and acquitted of all charges. Still to this day, it is unknown who threw the bomb in Haymarket Square, and killed the policemen. We will probably never know who the actual bomber really was. However, there is now an international workers holiday on May 1, dedicated to what went down that day in Haymarket Square, which has now became known as the Haymarket Riot. How to cite Haymarket Riot, Essay examples

Romeo and Juliet Coursework Assignment Essay Example For Students

Romeo and Juliet Coursework Assignment Essay Romeo and Juliet Coursework Assignment: Choose one scene and show how you would design and direct it in order to create a particular interpretation of the script. A directors role in producing a play is much more than telling the actors where to stand or what to say. It is to enable the actors to make a particular interpretation of the text clear to the audience. To do this a director has a number of dramatic tools at his or her disposal, such as the actors body language, facial expressions, the position of actors in relation to each other, the way they actually deliver the lines. All of these convey emotions and meanings beyond the words on the page. They bring the words on the page alive to the audience. Similarly, a director can use set design, lighting and costume to signify a range of ideas and emotions which lie beneath the written language. I have chosen to direct Act 3 Scene 1 as this is arguably the most important scene in the play. In this scene we lose two major characters, when Tybalt slays Mercutio and Romeo kills Tybalt. We also become aware of the contrast between light and dark as the mood of the plays shifts to become much more serious and brooding. I want to set the play in its original setting, sixteenth century Verona, because some aspects of the scene would be more controversial or dangerous in that context. For instance, when Tybalt and Mercutio are exchanging insults, Tybalt accuses Mercutio of consorting with Romeo. In the time when Shakespeare wrote this play, homosexuality was still very forbidden and secret, compared to present times. A sophisticated modern audience would be able to recognise the seriousness of such an insult and realise the potential danger of this exchange between these two men. This, then, introduces a certain tension to the play. Much can be conveyed to an audience through the use of body language and the positioning of the actors, or proxemics of the play. At the beginning of the scene, when the Capulets confront Mercutio and the Montagues, I want the Montagues to be looking very nervous, and avoiding eye contact with the Capulets, because last time they met there had been a violent skirmish and they had been threatened with their lives. When Tybalt confronts Mercutio, Tybalt will appear to be very aggressive but will stay close to his friends and hell be constantly glancing at them. The fact that he stays close to his peers, and needs to see their reactions, will let the audience understand that Tybalt is a lot less confident than he pretends to be, and that he needs the reassurance of his companions. Throughout the encounter Shakespeare gives Mercutio lines which appear to be very casual: By my heel, I care not I want him to exaggerate these in a very patronising way, to give people the idea that he feels completely secure in his political immunity from the gang wars, because of his connections with the Prince of Verona. When Tybalt is challenging Romeo to a duel and Romeo is backing down, I will direct the actor playing Romeo to stay very close to the ground, perhaps kneeling, in order to reduce himself in front of Tybalt as much as he can. This will show the audience how much he wants to avoid a confrontation, because his marriage to Juliet means that Tybalt is now his cousin and honour demands that he cant harm him. The actor playing Tybalt should show him almost enjoying this sense of superiority. He should be deliberately broadening his chest and standing tall to show how he feels powerful, very much like a modern school bully. .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 , .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .postImageUrl , .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 , .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4:hover , .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4:visited , .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4:active { border:0!important; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4:active , .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4 .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u491e9229248ca9e75dff5c7ef37fa1c4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Police Inspector EssayTo create a contrasting effect, when Tybalt is confronting Mercutio, Mercutio will stay seated. Ironically, this will show the audience how secure Mercutio feels. In Shakespearean times, honour was a hugely important part of any high status gentlemans life and to deliberately stay lower than an adversary during a confrontation would be almost like conceding, or withdrawing, from a fight. However, by remaining seated Mercutio is actually signalling the opposite, that he feels secure and doesnt really feel in any danger. At the beginning of the scene when Mercutio says And but one word with one of us? Couple it with something, make it a word and a blow Hell be speaking in a very flippant voice, patronising Tybalt and deliberately trying to antagonise him, like the scene in Taxi Driver when Robert de Niro repeatedly says to his reflection You talking to me? This will show the audience that Mercutio is trying to encourage a fight and will make him appear slightly more like Tybalt in the sense that he likes to stir things up. Right at the beginning of the scene when Benvolio is warning him that they should leave, Mercutio teases him, thou wilt quarrel with a man for cracking nuts, having no other reason but because thou hast hazel eyes He should say this quite quickly but in a light hearted manner, to let the audience know that it is simply friendly teasing and not serious. I would want the actor to draw attention to the pun on nuts by adopting a knowing facial expression. The proxemics of a performance, in other words the positioning and movement of the actors on the stage, can show how an actor is feeling, particularly his or her attitude towards another character. It can also reveal how people can do things at a sub-conscious level. As I have said earlier I want the audience to see Tybalt staying very close to his peers when he is talking to Mercutio. This will show them his true insecurity and his need for the reassurance of his friends: the implication being that this is the behaviour of a bully. On the other hand I want Mercutio to move around very quickly. When he is saying: Could you not take some occasion Without giving? I want him to be running around the stage in a very outrageous manner, maybe even spinning around. This could show the audience one of two things: either that he is very confident and just want to annoy Tybalt, or, preferably, that he is not at ease with the situation and does not want to make himself vulnerable by standing in one place. This is not necessarily what Shakespeare might originally have intended, but it is the directors role to depict the script according to his, or her, interpretation, and that is what I am doing here. During this scene I would want the stage to be divided into three groupings of characters. On one side I want the Capulets to be standing in a scattered formation. This will show the audience that they are not particularly close emotionally and that they feel confident and superior. On the other side of the stage will be the Montagues. They will be clumped together, almost like a herd, to show that they feel more secure when they are physically close together and also to show that they are adopting a very defensive formation and that they do not really want to fight. Between the two families will be Mercutio. This positioning will show that he does not really have a side but is simply adopting the opinion of the Montagues for the sake of a fight. We would probably see similar behaviour from aggressive young men on a Saturday night after the pubs have closed in the centre of Leicester. .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 , .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .postImageUrl , .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 , .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0:hover , .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0:visited , .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0:active { border:0!important; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0:active , .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0 .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u025643811014a37fc04325d31bd680a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Carceral Foucault's Discipline and Punish EssayFinally, a director has at his or her disposal the design of the production, the costumes, the set design, the make up and the lighting, all of which are powerful signifiers of meaning which can highlight aspects of a characters personality and enhance the mood of the scene. In most versions of Romeo and Juliet the Capulets and the Montagues are given differently themed costumes. In the Baz Lurhman film, for example, the Capulets wear black leather and the Montagues wear bright, flowery shirts. This serves to symbolise the contrasting ideas of light and darkness. In my version I want both families to wear similar clothes. This will show the audience that in fact the warring families share more similarities than differences. They are both characterised by obstinacy, an exaggerated sense of honour and a desire to protect their family name. I want the set to be extremely simple so that the main focus of the play is on the characters and Shakespeares language. I want the lighting to mirror the moods of light and dark. For example when Mercutio and Benvolio are talking I want the lighting to be very bright, and focused on Mercutio, to reflect the lightness of his mood. However, when Tybalt is confronting Romeo I want the light to slowly get darker in order to change the mood. When Mercutio is killed the light will suddenly change to blood red, to signify death and passion. In Shakespearian times, frequently, when a character was killed they would stagger off stage to die, however in order to emphasise the horrific nature of the murder I want the audience to see Mercutio die, just before the light is totally eclipsed. There are many elements in the play which still speak to a modern audience. The war between two rich Italian families is a reflection of present day family wars with the Italian Mafia; both are driven by honour and love of their family name. In addition, the play reflects other oppositions: black versus white, Palestinian versus Israeli, Protestant versus Catholic. The theme of young love is both timeless and universal, appealing to audiences across the world, as can be seen by the popularity of the Baz Lurhman film and the fact that the play continues to be performed three hundred years after it was written. This essay explores my interpretation of this scene. If I was a director at the Royal Shakespeare Company, I might direct Romeo and Juliet half a dozen times during my career. The fact that the play stands up to so many possible subtle interpretations confirms the greatness of Shakespeares writing and the creative ingenuity of stage direction.

The Addams Family Musical Essay Example For Students

The Addams Family Musical Essay The Addamss Family Musical comically explores the familiar dissimilarity between the strange habits, somewhat violent of Addams, and the good habits of American society. Wednesday falls in love with a normal boy named Lucas; she plans a dinner with the boy and his parents at the Addams’s house. Wednesday ends telling a secret to Gomez just before dinner that they want to get married and the Spanish have to choose between helping the beloved daughter and lie to Morticia, which he never did for over 20 years. Thus, two distinct familie will be known in a dinner in the Addams’s house where also live Uncle Fester, Pugsly, Lurch, and Grandma, beyond the butler who just mumbles. The beginning of the musical has allegro tempo and canon characteristics. Start with Gomez singing solo, follow with Morticia join him in a fast mode, and then the whole Family sing as an ensemble â€Å"When You’re An Addams† with imitation, repetition, and con doppio movimento. Trapped† is the second song of the musical, which Gomez sings by himself aria and with affetto. This second melody has a drammatico characteristic; start in an adagio tempo and gradually increase (accelerando) until become allegro. Gomez sings that he is trapped between tell the secret to Morticia or keep the secret like Wednesday had asked. When Wednesday realizes that she fall in love with Lucas starts the third musical â€Å"Pulled†, which has an amore and an angstlich characteristc. We will write a custom essay on The Addams Family Musical specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At the beginning she says how she is anxious to being pulled to a new direction, with colors and love and how she likes that. The melody has an acceralando tempo and a fermata in the end; becoming even more drammatico. Thus follows the entire musical with dramatico and animato characteristics. The Addams Family always reaches several important social issues, including the concept of a different family pattern that we are accustomed. After all, what is normal for a traditional family is certainly not for the Addams and vice versa. The Addams’s Family Musical comically explores the familiar dissimilarity between the strange habits, somewhat violent of Addams, and the good habits of American society. Wednesday falls in love with a normal boy named Lucas; she plans a dinner with the boy and his parents at the Addams’s house. Wednesday ends telling a secret to Gomez just before dinner that they want to get married and the Spanish have to choose between helping the beloved daughter and lie to Morticia, which he never did for over 20 years. Thus, two distinct familie will be known in a dinner in the Addams’s house where also live Uncle Fester, Pugsly, Lurch, and Grandma, beyond the butler who just mumbles. The beginning of the musical has allegro tempo and canon characteristics. Start with Gomez singing solo, follow with Morticia join him in a fast mode, and then the whole Family sing as an ensemble â€Å"When You’re An Addams† with imitation, repetition, and con doppio movimento. Trapped† is the second song of the musical, which Gomez sings by himself aria and with affetto. This second melody has a drammatico characteristic; start in an adagio tempo and gradually increase (accelerando) until become allegro. Gomez sings that he is trapped between tell the secret to Morticia or keep the secret like Wednesday had asked. When Wednesday realizes that she fall in love with Lucas starts the third musical â€Å"Pulled†, which has an amore and an angstlich characteristc. At the beginning she says how she is anxious to being pulled to a new direction, with colors and love and how she likes that. The melody has an acceralando tempo and a fermata in the end; becoming even more drammatico. Thus follows the entire musical with dramatico and animato characteristics. The Addams Family always reaches several important social issues, including the concept of a different family pattern that we are accustomed. After all, what is normal for a traditional family is certainly not for the Addams and vice versa.

Elections, Political Parties, and Civil Society in Authoritarian Regimes Essay Example

Elections, Political Parties, and Civil Society in Authoritarian Regimes Essay Example Elections, Political Parties, and Civil Society in Authoritarian Regimes Essay Elections, Political Parties, and Civil Society in Authoritarian Regimes Essay Within many Authoritarian Regimes. the conditions are really similar and the political engagement becomes badly limited. The undermentioned essay will try to briefly gaining control a few cardinal features of two states in footings of elections. political parties. and the function of civil societies within the province. The two states that I will be discoursing are Iran and China. First of all. after reading page 80-81 in our Comparative Politics text edition written by Carol Ann Drogus and Stephen Orvis. it shortly became clear to me that Authoritarian Regime structuring has a heavy political salience in footings of elections. political parties. and the function of civil societies. It seems that if elections even manage to be in an autocratic government. they do non find who holds the bulk of power in the province. For illustration. on page 80. the text edition discusses how 1906 a new democratic province within Iran was created in order to supply a existent legislative assembly with elections. This democracy was shortly polarized. and the cardinal province has limited sovereignty over the other states and was able to command most economic net income and most of the military power. Although elections were ushered into Iran’s political system. they had small influence on the authorities itself. On page 81. the text edition discusses how a leftist premier curate named Mohammad Mosaddeq was elected in 1951. but due the primary regime’s influence and power. they overthrew this elected premier curate because he did non back up their involvements. This illustration shows that even if an election determines something within an Authoritarian Regime. this finding may non last for really long or may non hold any power in the first topographic point. An elected functionary such as Mosaddeq can be overthrown at any point if the people that genuinely hold the power within a province decide excessively. This brings me to the following subject of political parties. Within the state of China. it is clear to me that the political system of the Authoritarian Regime has created an highly powerful political party with small to no resistance. Elections have about no affect and are merely a camouflage for the Chinese Communist Party to do the existent determinations impacting their state. particularly in footings of the economic system. As discussed on page 86. after a series of wars ended. the Communist Party of China shortly created a Soviet-style bid economic system with a immense bureaucratism that controlled most of the society. This society is interesting because as clip went by. more and more economic freedoms were created. but political freedoms became progressively denied. It is dry that one can populate in China and possess private belongings. but when it comes to the determinations regulating that person’s society and economic policy. that same person will hold zero rights whatsoever. The book besides discusses how these socio-political conditions have created a sense of political uncertainness and fright. This brings me to my concluding subject of civil society. It is a immense hazard for citizens within an Authoritarian Regime to organize organized and nonviolent groups in chase of political reform. Citizens tend to fear the effects of their actions and penalty from their authorities. and when they do try to reform. it tends to stop up violent. For illustration. many protests within China in the past century have ended in monolithic gore or force. I do non remember of all time hearing of a widely successful nonviolent civil society doing politically outstanding alterations within an Authoritarian Regime. I believe that I have neer heard of such a thing because civil societies do non hold much impact on a society that is restricted by an Authoritarian Regime’s influence and political/economic desires.

Idiomatic English

Idiomatic English Idiomatic English Idiomatic English By Maeve Maddox In response to the When to use ‘on’ and when to use ‘in post about prepositions, Francesco Mapelli writes: I still dont get the He was not thinking well on that occasion. Why is in wrong here? At the risk of sounding unhelpful, the only answer to this perplexity is that on that occasion is idiomatic English and in that occasion is not. On the other hand, we can say in that instance, while it would be unidiomatic to say on that instance. In his renowned A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, H. W. Fowler defined an idiomatic expression as one that is natural for a normal Englishman to say or write. He went on to say that idiomatic English is not necessarily grammatical or ungrammatical. Sometimes idiomatic usage agrees with stated rules, and sometimes it doesnt. The two, grammar and idiom, are two separate categories. Sometimes they agree, and sometimes they dont. It is not necessary to understand an idiom. It is only necessary to accept it. My beginning French students often exclaimed at French idioms like Jai 17 ans (literally, I have 17 years). They wanted to translate such constructions literally, and then complained that the result sounded ridiculous in English. I worked very hardusually unsuccessfullyto convince them that French is not some funny form of English. French is French, and in French, Jai 17 ans is correct and Je suis 17 ans is nonsense. Idiomatic expressions of every kind in Englsh are rapidly changing. Here are some examples from my collection of prepositional use in the media: living under borrowed time. (living on borrowed time) Stonehenge has mystic appeal to the British people. (appeal for the English people) On the other hand, we say that picture appeals to me. foreigners have been encroaching into Korean waters. (encroaching on) The IRS is not concerned with the situations in which these minors will be returned to. This one is ungrammatical as well as unidiomatic. It should read: The IRS is not concerned with the situations to which these minors will be returned. Several forces are at work to change English idioms. One is lack of attention to teaching traditional literature and usage in the public school classroom. School administrators as a group do not value language instruction. Many of them laugh off their own grammatical errors or lack of familiarity with literary classics by implying that such matters are the concern of English teachers only. Few Americans read for entertainment. We are a film-oriented culture. Popular television shows like Seinfeld spread nonstandard regional usages such as waiting on line for waiting in line (in the sense of waiting in a queue). Popular attitudes about personal liberty equate linguistic correctness with elitism or social oppression. Finally, to some extent, the grammatical conventions of other languages find their way into English by way of our diverse population. In many ways a language shapes the thoughts of the people who speak it, but the speakers also shape the language. If enough people start saying or writing a certain expression, it will become idiomatic. The Stonehenge example above illustrates how idioms can change by analogy with other idioms. Language is going to change from generation to generation in any case. If it changes too rapidly, the traditional literature is lost. Few read Chaucer for fun anymore. Shakespeares works must be studied with a glossary. High school students struggle with Great Expectations, and some entering college students have trouble understanding the essays of George Orwell. Writers have a responsibility to read widely in the literature of the language in which they choose to write. They have the privilege of innovation, but, in the interest of continuity and comprehensibility, they can use the privilege judiciously. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†How to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

Finance for manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance for manager - Essay Example In the initial three (3) year period the market will be restricted to only a few suppliers but this will change thereafter as the market will be opened to other suppliers. This means that care should be taken to ensure that the company does not invest in too large a capacity which may not be necessary later. There are two options available to Steelbeam. The company can either choose option 1 – which involves investing in capital with a limited capacity to produce a maximum of 1,000 units (small capacity) or option 2 with the capacity to produce a maximum of 4,000 units (large capacity). These alternatives have different variable cost per unit with the large capacity project having the lowest variable cost per unit and the small capacity project the highest variable cost. In assessing the two options the company has to pay attention to the contribution that both projects make to fixed cost as well as the break even point in units. Additionally, every capital budgeting decision requires the use of capital budgeting techniques in order to make a determination of which option is more advantageous to the company. The techniques available to your company include: ENPV is calculated using the figures obtained from the pessimistic, most likely and optimistic market forecast while applying the formula used in project evaluation and review technique (PERT). This technique assumes that the estimates of sales and demand activity follow a probability distribution (See Heizer and Render 2006). The expected sales and demand are found through the application of weights to the three estimates in each case – of demand and sales, as follows: The information arrived at from the computations suggests that the expected annual demand is 6,333 units and the expected selling price per unit - Â £12,167. These figures can be used to determine which option is better for Steelbeam PLC. Each option will be assessed to determine its

Promotional Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Promotional Analysis - Research Paper Example The area of the business is strategically located in order for its esteemed customers to access quickly. Because the store also has a high volume of individuals, it is situated in the center of the city and a very spacious locality. Due to greater demand for perfume across the world, the idea of note fragrance came into being. Moreover, the availability of materials as well as skilled labor required producing the product enhanced product generation, also there the high demand for quality and affordable fragrance perfumes boosted the business idea in its existence. Like any other business, the owners of note fragrance had an intention of making profit and employment generation to individuals around the world. In addition, strategic location of the company as well-advanced marketing strategies that are E-marketing among other online services boosted the Idea of generating the Note fragrance store. The business also requires little capital start as cheap and readily labor contributes in one way to another for the development of the fragrance shop. The idea of creating my perfumes emerges because passions and interest in perfumes. Apart from enjoying the beautiful scent of the perfume, I join the business for the sake of make profit and try to make ends meet. Due to readily available market for the product and sufficient infrastructure also boosts the need for one to invest heavily in the business. The product also does not only concentrate on particular individuals, but it cuts across to; young and old, men as well as women. Due to high demand and readily available market for the product, it will call for massive production that will increase the volumes of supplies hence meeting the customers demand at any given time across the world. Fragrance oil international limited is one of the major competitors, producing the same product as Note fragrance. In addition, luxury store also sells